ex: erfc(x) = \int_{0}^x (\frac{2}{\sqrt{pi}})e^{-t^2 }dt ex: IVP \frac{dP}{dt} = \alpha P - \beta P^2 P(0) = P_0 Explicit Euler Method $\frac{P(t + \Delta t) - P(t)}{\Delta t} \approx \alpha P(t) - \beta P^2(t)$ From 0 \rightarrow T P(T) \approx n steps * Steps ** Calculus: defference quotient $f'(a) \approx \frac{f(a+h) - f(a)}{h}$ ** Test. Roundoff for h \approx 0 ** Calculus: Taylor Serioes w/ Remainder $e_{abs}(h) \leq Ch^r$ (see Sep-20 . Taylor Series) * Pseudo Code #+BEGIN_SRC python for i in range(n): a12 = a12 + x[i+1] a22 = a22 + x[i+1]**2 a21 = a12 b1 = y[0] b2 = y[0] * x[0] for i in range(n): b1 = b1 + y[i+1] b2 = b2 + y[i+1]*x[i+1] detA = a22*a11 - a12*a21 c = (a22*b1 - a12*b2) / detA d = (-a21 * b1 + a11 * b2) / detA return (c, d) #+END_SRC * Error We want $e_k = |df(h_kk) - f'(a)|$ $= |df(h_k) - df(h_m) + df(h_m) - f'(a)|$ $\leq |df(h_k) - df(h_m)| + |df(h_m) - f'(a)|$ and $|df(h_m) - f'(a)|$ is negligible