tabloid-fake-closure/main.js

/* the clickbait headline programming language */

const prog = `
DISCOVER HOW TO factorial WITH n
WE SAID
    WHAT IF n IS ACTUALLY 0
    WE SAID
        SHOCKING DEVELOPMENT 1
    END OF STORY
    LIES! WE SAID
        SHOCKING DEVELOPMENT n MULTIPLY factorial OF n SUBTRACT 1
    END OF STORY
END OF STORY

EXPERTS CLAIM result TO BE factorial OF 10
YOU WON'T WANT TO MISS 'RESULT IS'
YOU WON'T WANT TO MISS result

PLEASE LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE
`

const Runtime = {
    print(s) {
        console.log(s.toString());
    }
}

/* tokenizer */

/**
 * Reads in char or word chunks
 */
class Reader {
    constructor(str, base = '') {
        this.base = base;
        this.i = 0;
        this.str = str;
    }
    peek() {
        return this.str[this.i];
    }
    next() {
        return this.str[this.i++];
    }
    hasNext() {
        return this.str[this.i] !== undefined;
    }
    backstep() {
        this.i--;
    }
    readUntil(pred) {
        let result = this.base.slice();
        while (this.hasNext() && !pred(this.peek())) {
            result += this.next();
        }
        return result;
    }
    dropWhitespace() {
        this.readUntil(c => !!c.trim());
    }
    expect(tok) {
        const next = this.next();
        if (next !== tok) {
            throw new Error(`Parsing error: expected ${tok}, got ${next}`);
        }
    }
}

/** 
 * Split into words for easier tokenization
 * with keywords.
 */
class Wordifier {
    constructor(str) {
        this.reader = new Reader(prog);
        this.tokens = [];
    }
    wordify() {
        if (this.tokens.length) return this.tokens;

        while (this.reader.hasNext()) {
            const next = this.reader.next();
            switch (next) {
                case '(': {
                    this.tokens.push('(');
                    break;
                }
                case ')': {
                    this.tokens.push(')');
                    break;
                }
                case ',': {
                    this.tokens.push(',');
                    break;
                }
                case '"':
                case "'": {
                    this.wordifyString(next);
                    break;
                }
                default: {
                    // read until WS
                    this.reader.backstep();
                    this.tokens.push(this.reader.readUntil(c => {
                        return !c.trim() || ['(', ')', ','].includes(c)
                    }));
                }
            }
            this.reader.dropWhitespace();
        }
        return this.tokens.slice(1);
    }
    wordifyString(endChar) {
        let acc = '';
        acc += this.reader.readUntil(c => c == endChar);
        while (acc.endsWith('\\') || !this.reader.hasNext()) {
            acc += this.reader.readUntil(c => c != endChar);
        }
        this.reader.next(); // throw away closing char
        this.tokens.push('"' + acc);
    }
}

const T = {
    LParen: Symbol('LParen'),
    RParen: Symbol('RParen'),
    Comma: Symbol('Comma'),
    DiscoverHowTo: Symbol('DiscoverHowTo'),
    With: Symbol('With'),
    Of: Symbol('Of'),
    WeSaid: Symbol('WeSaid'),
    WhatIf: Symbol('WhatIf'),
    LiesBang: Symbol('LiesBang'),
    EndOfStory: Symbol('EndOfStory'),
    ExpertsClaim: Symbol('ExpertsClaim'),
    ToBe: Symbol('ToBe'),
    YouWontWantToMiss: Symbol('YouWontWantToMiss'),
    IsActually: Symbol('IsActually'),
    And: Symbol('And'),
    Or: Symbol('Or'),
    Add: Symbol('Add'),
    Subtract: Symbol('Subtract'),
    Multiply: Symbol('Multiply'),
    Divide: Symbol('Divide'),
    Modulo: Symbol('Modulo'),
    Beats: Symbol('Beats'), // >
    SmallerThan: Symbol('SmallerThan'), // <
    ShockingDevelopment: Symbol('ShockingDevelopment'),
    PleaseLikeAndSubscribe: Symbol('PleaseLikeAndSubscribe'),

    // not implemented yet
    StayTuned: Symbol('StayTuned'),
    Unexpectedly: Symbol('Unexpectedly'),
    TotallyRight: Symbol('TotallyRight'),
    CompletelyWrong: Symbol('CompletelyWrong'),
}

const BINARY_OPS = [
    T.IsActually,
    T.And,
    T.Or,
    T.Add,
    T.Subtract,
    T.Multiply,
    T.Divide,
    T.Modulo,
    T.Beats,
    T.SmallerThan,
];

function tokenize(prog) {
    const reader = new Reader(new Wordifier(prog).wordify(), []);
    const tokens = [];

    while (reader.hasNext()) {
        const next = reader.next();
        switch (next) {
            case 'DISCOVER': {
                reader.expect('HOW');
                reader.expect('TO');
                tokens.push(T.DiscoverHowTo);
                break;
            }
            case 'WITH': {
                tokens.push(T.With);
                break;
            }
            case 'OF': {
                tokens.push(T.Of);
                break;
            }
            case 'WE': {
                reader.expect('SAID');
                tokens.push(T.WeSaid);
                break;
            }
            case 'WHAT': {
                reader.expect('IF');
                tokens.push(T.WhatIf);
                break;
            }
            case 'LIES!': {
                tokens.push(T.LiesBang);
                break;
            }
            case 'END': {
                reader.expect('OF');
                reader.expect('STORY');
                tokens.push(T.EndOfStory);
                break;
            }
            case 'EXPERTS': {
                reader.expect('CLAIM');
                tokens.push(T.ExpertsClaim);
                break;
            }
            case 'TO': {
                reader.expect('BE');
                tokens.push(T.ToBe);
                break;
            }
            case 'YOU': {
                reader.expect('WON\'T');
                reader.expect('WANT');
                reader.expect('TO');
                reader.expect('MISS');
                tokens.push(T.YouWontWantToMiss);
                break;
            }
            case 'IS': {
                reader.expect('ACTUALLY');
                tokens.push(T.IsActually);
                break;
            }
            case 'AND': {
                tokens.push(T.And);
                break;
            }
            case 'OR': {
                tokens.push(T.Or);
                break;
            }
            case 'ADD': {
                tokens.push(T.Add);
                break;
            }
            case 'SUBTRACT': {
                tokens.push(T.Subtract);
                break;
            }
            case 'MULTIPLY': {
                tokens.push(T.Multiply);
                break;
            }
            case 'DIVIDE': {
                tokens.push(T.Divide);
                break;
            }
            case 'MODULO': {
                tokens.push(T.Modulo);
                break;
            }
            case 'BEATS': {
                tokens.push(T.Beats);
                break;
            }
            case 'SMALLER': {
                reader.expect('THAN');
                tokens.push(T.SmallerThan);
                break;
            }
            case 'SHOCKING': {
                reader.expect('DEVELOPMENT');
                tokens.push(T.ShockingDevelopment);
                break;
            }
            case 'PLEASE': {
                reader.expect('LIKE');
                reader.expect('AND');
                reader.expect('SUBSCRIBE');
                tokens.push(T.PleaseLikeAndSubscribe);
                break;
            }
            case 'STAY': {
                reader.expect('TUNED');
                tokens.push(T.StayTuned);
                break;
            }
            case 'UNEXPECTEDLY': {
                tokens.push(T.Unexpectedly);
                break;
            }
            case 'TOTALLY': {
                reader.expect('RIGHT');
                tokens.push(T.TotallyRight);
                break;
            }
            case 'COMPLETELY': {
                reader.expect('WRONG');
                tokens.push(T.CompletelyWrong);
                break;
            }
            case '(': {
                tokens.push(T.LParen);
                break;
            }
            case ')': {
                tokens.push(T.RParen);
                break;
            }
            case ',': {
                tokens.push(T.Comma);
                break;
            }
            default: {
                if (!isNaN(parseFloat(next))) {
                    // number literal
                    tokens.push(parseFloat(next));
                } else {
                    // string or varname
                    tokens.push(next);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return tokens;
}

/* parser */

const N = {
    NumberLiteral: Symbol('NumberLiteral'),
    StringLiteral: Symbol('StringLiteral'),
    FnDecl: Symbol('FnDecl'),
    FnCall: Symbol('FnCall'),
    Ident: Symbol('Ident'),
    Assignment: Symbol('Assignment'),
    BinaryOp: Symbol('BinaryOp'),
    IfExpr: Symbol('IfExpr'),
    ExprGroup: Symbol('ExprGroup'),
    ReturnExpr: Symbol('ReturnExpr'),
    ProgEndExpr: Symbol('ProgEndExpr'),
    PrintExpr: Symbol('PrintExpr'),
}

class Parser {
    constructor(tokens) {
        this.tokens = new Reader(tokens, []);
    }
    /**
     * Atom
     *  Ident
     *  NumberLiteral
     *  StringLiteral
     *  FnCall
     *  FnDecl
     *  ExprGroup
     *
     * Expression:
     *  (begins with atom)
     *      BinaryOp
     *      Atom
     *  (begins with keyword)
     *      IfExpr
     *      Assignment
     *      ReturnExpr
     *      ProgEndExpr
     *      PrintExpr
     *
     */
    parse() {
        const nodes = [];
        while (this.tokens.hasNext()) {
            nodes.push(this.expr());
        }
        return nodes;
    }
    expectIdentString() {
        const ident = this.tokens.next();
        if (typeof ident === 'string' && !ident.startsWith('"')) {
            return ident;
        }
        throw new Error(`Parsing error: expected identifier, got ${ident.toString()}`);
    }
    atom() {
        const next = this.tokens.next();
        if (typeof next === 'number') {
            return {
                type: N.NumberLiteral,
                val: next,
            }
        } else if (typeof next === 'string') {
            if (next.startsWith('"')) {
                return {
                    type: N.StringLiteral,
                    val: next.substr(1),
                }
            }
            const ident = {
                type: N.Ident,
                val: next,
            }
            if (this.tokens.peek() === T.Of) {
                return this.fnCall(ident);
            }
            return ident;
        } else if (next === T.DiscoverHowTo) {
            // fn literal
            const fnName = this.tokens.next();
            if (this.tokens.peek(T.With)) {
                this.tokens.next(); // with
                // with args
                const args = [this.expectIdentString()];
                while (this.tokens.peek() === T.Comma) {
                    this.tokens.next(); // comma
                    args.push(this.expectIdentString());
                }
                return {
                    type: N.FnDecl,
                    name: fnName,
                    args: args,
                    body: this.expr(),
                }
            } else {
                return {
                    type: N.FnDecl,
                    name: fnName,
                    args: [],
                    body: this.expr(),
                }
            }
        } else if (next === T.WeSaid) {
            // block
            const exprs = [];
            while (this.tokens.hasNext() && this.tokens.peek() !== T.EndOfStory) {
                exprs.push(this.expr());
            }
            this.tokens.expect(T.EndOfStory);
            return {
                type: N.ExprGroup,
                exprs: exprs,
            };
        }

        throw new Error(`Parsing error: expected ident, literal, or block, got ${
            next.toString()
        } before ${this.tokens.peek().toString()}`);
    }
    expr() {
        const next = this.tokens.next();
        if (next === T.WhatIf) {
            // if expr
            const cond = this.expr();
            const ifBody = this.expr();

            let elseBody = null;
            if (this.tokens.peek() == T.LiesBang) {
                this.tokens.next(); // LiesBang
                elseBody = this.expr();
            }
            return {
                type: N.IfExpr,
                cond: cond,
                ifBody: ifBody,
                elseBody: elseBody,
            }
        } else if (next === T.ExpertsClaim) {
            // assignment
            const name = this.expectIdentString();
            this.tokens.expect(T.ToBe);
            const val = this.expr();
            return {
                type: N.Assignment,
                name,
                val,
            }
        } else if (next === T.ShockingDevelopment) {
            // return
            return {
                type: N.ReturnExpr,
                val: this.expr(),
            }
        } else if (next === T.PleaseLikeAndSubscribe) {
            // prog end
            return {
                type: N.ProgEndExpr,
            }
        } else if (next == T.YouWontWantToMiss) {
            // print expr
            return {
                type: N.PrintExpr,
                val: this.expr(),
            }
        }

        this.tokens.backstep();
        const atom = this.atom();
        if (BINARY_OPS.includes(this.tokens.peek())) {
            // infix binary ops
            // TODO: support operator precedence
            const left = atom;
            const op = this.tokens.next();
            const right = this.atom();
            return {
                type: N.BinaryOp,
                op,
                left,
                right,
            }
        }

        return atom;
    }
    fnCall(fnNode) {
        this.tokens.expect(T.Of);
        // TODO: support multiple arguments
        const args = [this.expr()];
        return {
            type: N.FnCall,
            fn: fnNode,
            args: args,
        }
    }
}

/* executor (tree walk) */

/**
 * Abused (slightly) to easily return values upstack
 */
class ReturnError {
    constructor(value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
    unwrap() {
        return this.value;
    }
}

class Environment {
    constructor() {
        this.scopes = [{}]; // begin with global scope
    }
    run(nodes) {
        let rv;
        for (const node of nodes) {
            rv = this.eval(node);
        }
        return rv;
    }
    eval(node) {
        const scope = this.scopes[this.scopes.length - 1];

        switch (node.type) {
            case N.NumberLiteral: {
                return node.val;
            }
            case N.StringLiteral: {
                return node.val;
            }
            case N.FnDecl: {
                scope[node.name] = node;
                return node;
            }
            case N.FnCall: {
                const fn = this.eval(node.fn);
                const args = node.args.map(arg => this.eval(arg));

                const calleeScope = {};
                fn.args.forEach((argName, i) => {
                    calleeScope[argName] = args[i];
                });

                this.scopes.push(calleeScope);
                let rv;
                try {
                    this.eval(fn.body);
                } catch (maybeReturnErr) {
                    if (maybeReturnErr instanceof ReturnError) {
                        rv = maybeReturnErr.unwrap();
                    } else {
                        // re-throw
                        throw maybeReturnErr;
                    }
                }
                this.scopes.pop();

                return rv;
            }
            case N.Ident: {
                let i = this.scopes.length - 1;
                while (i >= 0) {
                    if (node.val in this.scopes[i]) {
                        return this.scopes[i][node.val];
                    }
                    i --;
                }
                console.log(this.scopes[this.scopes.length - 1]);
                throw new Error(`Runtime error: Undefined variable "${node.val}"`);
            }
            case N.Assignment: {
                scope[node.name] = this.eval(node.val);
                return scope[node.name];
            }
            case N.BinaryOp: {
                const left = this.eval(node.left);
                const right = this.eval(node.right);
                switch (node.op) {
                    // TODO: other ops
                    case T.IsActually:
                        return left === right;
                    case T.Add:
                        return left + right;
                    case T.Subtract:
                        return left - right;
                    case T.Multiply:
                        return left * right;
                    default:
                        throw new Error(`Runtime error: Unknown binary op ${node.op.toString()}`);
                }
            }
            case N.IfExpr: {
                if (this.eval(node.cond)) {
                    return this.eval(node.ifBody);
                }
                if (node.elseBody != null) {
                    return this.eval(node.elseBody);
                }
            }
            case N.ExprGroup: {
                let rv = false; // TODO: make null value? make this illegal?
                for (const expr of node.exprs) {
                    rv = this.eval(expr);
                }
                return rv;
            }
            case N.ReturnExpr: {
                const rv = this.eval(node.val);
                throw new ReturnError(rv);
            }
            case N.ProgEndExpr: {
                // do nothing
                break;
            }
            case N.PrintExpr: {
                const val = this.eval(node.val);
                Runtime.print(val);
                return val;
            }
            default:
                console.log(JSON.stringify(node, null, 2));
                throw new Error(`Runtime error: Unknown AST Node of type ${
                    node.type.toString()
                }:\n${JSON.stringify(node, null, 2)}`);
        }
    }
}

// main
try {
    const tokens = tokenize(prog);
    const nodes = new Parser(tokens).parse();
    const env = new Environment();
    env.run(nodes);
} catch (e) {
    console.error(e);
}